List of Muslim scientists

২৭ শে এপ্রিল, ২০১১ সন্ধ্যা ৭:০৮

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Science in the Islamic world has played a significant role in the history of science. There have been hundreds of notable Muslim scientists that have made a great contribution to civilization and society. The following is an incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists.

Contents

[hide]



* 1 Astronomers and astrophysicists

* 2 Chemists and alchemists

* 3 Economists and social scientists

* 4 Geographers and earth scientists

* 5 Mathematicians

* 6 Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists

* 7 Physicians and surgeons

* 8 Physicists and engineers

* 9 Political scientists

* 10 Other scientists and inventors

* 11 References



[edit] Astronomers and astrophysicists

Main article: List of Muslim astronomers

Further information: Islamic astronomy



* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)

* Jafar al-Sadiq

* Yaqūb ibn Tāriq

* Ibrahim al-Fazari

* Muhammad al-Fazari

* Naubakht

* Al-Khwarizmi, mathematician

* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)

* Al-Farghani

* Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)

o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

o Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

* Al-Majriti

* Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)

* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)

* Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi

* Abu Sa'id Gorgani

* Kushyar ibn Labban

* Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin

* Al-Mahani

* Al-Marwazi

* Al-Nayrizi

* Al-Saghani

* Al-Farghani

* Abu Nasr Mansur

* Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi)

* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi

* Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī

* Ibn Yunus

* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen)

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

* Avicenna

* Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)

* Omar Khayyám

* Al-Khazini

* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)

* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)

* Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius)

* Averroes

* Al-Jazari

* Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī

* Anvari

* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi

* Nasir al-Din Tusi

* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

* Ibn al-Shatir

* Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī

* Jamshīd al-Kāshī

* Ulugh Beg, also a mathematician

* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Ottoman astronomer

* Ahmad Nahavandi

* Haly Abenragel

* Abolfadl Harawi

* Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[1][2]

* Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[3]

* Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

* Muhammed Faris

* Abdul Ahad Mohmand

* Talgat Musabayev

* Anousheh Ansari

* Amir Ansari

* Sultana Nurun Nahar, specialist in atomic astrophysics and spectroscopy



[edit] Chemists and alchemists

Further information: Alchemy (Islam)



* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)

* Jafar al-Sadiq

* Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of chemistry[4][5][6]

* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman)

* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)

* Al-Majriti

* Ibn Miskawayh

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

* Avicenna

* Al-Khazini

* Nasir al-Din Tusi

* Ibn Khaldun

* Salimuzzaman Siddiqui

* Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics)

* Ahmed H. Zewail, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[7]

* Mostafa El-Sayed

* Atta ur Rahman, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry



[edit] Economists and social scientists

Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world

See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam



* Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), economist

* Abu Yusuf (731-798), economist

* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (873–950), economist

* Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[8]

* Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[9] and father of Indology[10]

* Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist

* Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist

* Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist

* Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist

* Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist

* Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist

* Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist

* Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences[11] such as demography,[12] cultural history,[13] historiography,[14] philosophy of history,[15] sociology[12][15] and economics[16][17]

* Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist

* Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit

* Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance

* Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[18][19]



[edit] Geographers and earth scientists

Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution



* Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[20]

* Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[21]

* Ibn Al-Jazzar

* Al-Tamimi

* Al-Masihi

* Ali ibn Ridwan

* Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer

* Ahmad ibn Fadlan

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[9][12] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[9]

* Avicenna

* Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi

* Averroes

* Ibn al-Nafis

* Ibn Battuta

* Ibn Khaldun

* Piri Reis

* Evliya Çelebi

* Zaghloul El-Naggar



[edit] Mathematicians



Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies



* Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar

* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)

* Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi) - father of algebra[22] and algorithms[23]

* 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk

* Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[24]

* Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam

* Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī

* Al-Kindi (Alkindus)

* Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)

o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

* Al-Mahani

* Ahmed ibn Yusuf

* Al-Majriti

* Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)

* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)

* Al-Khalili

* Al-Nayrizi

* Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin

* Brethren of Purity

* Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi

* Al-Saghani

* Abū Sahl al-Qūhī

* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi

* Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī

* Ibn Sahl

* Al-Sijzi

* Ibn Yunus

* Abu Nasr Mansur

* Kushyar ibn Labban

* Al-Karaji

* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

* Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi

* Al-Nasawi

* Al-Jayyani

* Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)

* Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

* Omar Khayyám

* Al-Khazini

* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)

* Al-Ghazali (Algazel)

* Al-Marrakushi

* Al-Samawal

* Averroes

* Avicenna

* Hunayn ibn Ishaq

* Ibn al-Banna'

* Ibn al-Shatir

* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)

* Jamshīd al-Kāshī

* Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī

* Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī

* Maryam Mirzakhani

* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi

* Muhammad Baqir Yazdi

* Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher

* Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī

* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi

* Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī

* Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī

* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

* Ulugh Beg



* Lotfi Asker Zadeh, Azerbaijanian computer scientist; founder of Fuzzy Mathematics and fuzzy set theory[25][26]

* Cumrun Vafa



[edit] Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists

Further information: Islamic psychological thought



* Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[27]

* Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[28]

* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[29]

* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[30] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[31]

* Najab ud-din Muhammad, pioneer of mental disorder classification[32]

* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[33]

* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[33]

* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[34]

* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[35]

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, pioneer of reaction time[36]

* Avicenna (Ibn Sina), pioneer of physiological psychology,[32] neuropsychiatry,[37] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[38]

* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[34]

* Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[34]

* Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[39]

* Mir Sajad,Neuroscientist and pioneer in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.[40][41]



[edit] Physicians and surgeons

Main article: Muslim doctors

Further information: Islamic medicine



* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)

* Jafar al-Sadiq

* Shapur ibn Sahl (d. 869), pioneer of pharmacy and pharmacopoeia[42]

* Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of pharmacology[43]

* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) (810-887)

* Al-Jahiz, pioneer of natural selection

* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of medical encyclopedia[29]

* Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi

* Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854–931), pioneer of peer review and medical peer review[44]

* Al-Farabi (Alpharabius)

* Ibn Al-Jazzar (circa 898-980)

* Abul Hasan al-Tabari - physician

* Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - physician

* Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (d. 994), pioneer of obstetrics and perinatology[45]

* Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar (10th century), pioneer of dental restoration[46]

* Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) - father of modern surgery, and pioneer of neurosurgery,[34] craniotomy,[45] hematology[47] and dental surgery[48]

* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), pioneer of eye surgery, visual system[49] and visual perception[50]

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

* Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern medicine,[51] founder of Unani medicine,[47] pioneer of experimental medicine, evidence-based medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, clinical pharmacology,[52] aromatherapy,[53] pulsology and sphygmology,[54] and also a philosopher

* Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, physician of Unani medicine

* Ibn Miskawayh

* Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) - father of experimental surgery,[55] and pioneer of experimental anatomy, experimental physiology, human dissection, autopsy[56] and tracheotomy[57]

* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)

* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)

* Averroes

* Ibn al-Baitar

* Ibn Jazla

* Nasir al-Din Tusi

* Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), father of circulatory physiology, pioneer of circulatory anatomy,[58] and founder of Nafisian anatomy, physiology,[59] pulsology and sphygmology[60]

* Ibn al-Quff (1233–1305), pioneer of embryology[45]

* Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī

* Ibn Khatima (14th century), pioneer of bacteriology and microbiology[61]

* Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374)

* Mansur ibn Ilyas

* Saghir Akhtar - pharmacist

* Syed Ziaur Rahman, pharmacologist

* Toffy Musivand

* Muhammad B. Yunus, the "father of our modern view of fibromyalgia"[62]

* Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, pioneer of biomedical research in space[63][64]

* Hulusi Behçet, known for the discovery of Behçet's disease

* Ibrahim B. Syed - radiologist

* Mehmet Öz, cardiothoracic surgeon



[edit] Physicists and engineers

Further information: Islamic physics



* Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century

* Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century

o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

o Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir

* Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century

* Al-Saghani, 10th century

* Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century

* Ibn Sahl, 10th century

* Ibn Yunus, 10th century

* Al-Karaji, 10th century

* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[65] pioneer of scientific method[66] and experimental physics,[67] considered the "first scientist"[68]

* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[69]

* Avicenna, 11th century

* Al-Khazini, 12th century

* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century

* Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century

* Averroes, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert

* Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,[6] father of modern engineering[70]

* Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century

* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century

* Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century

* Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century

* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century

* Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century

* Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century

* Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century

* Tipu Sultan, 18th century Indian mechanician

* Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician

* Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist

* Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist

* Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president

* Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist

* Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner(1979)

* Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist

* Cumrun Vafa, Iranian mathematical physicist

* Nima Arkani-Hamed, American-born Iranian physicist

* Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Egyptian-born German particle physicist

* Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist

* Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist

* Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist

* Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist

* Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist

* Munir Ahmad Khan, Father of Pakistan's nuclear program



[edit] Political scientists



* Syed Qutb

* Abul Ala Maududi

* Hasan al-Turabi

* Hassan al-Banna

* Mohamed Hassanein Heikal

* Necmettin Erbakan

* M. A. Muqtedar Khan



[edit] Other scientists and inventors



* Azizul Haque

* Mohammad Sharif Chattar

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